Jx - -x x x



13, 1929. L. scoTT OIL BURNING'HEAT ING SYSTEM origi al Filed April 30. 1921 2 sheetsheet A'TTORNEY 2 Sheet-Sheet Aug. 13, 1929. L sco'r'r I 011: BURNING HEATING SYSTEM Original Filed April 50.

: Reissued A 13, 1929.

trolled oil burning heating system in which the operation is initiated or discontinued according to the temperature of the room or 5 other enclosure whose temperature isto be regulated. lVhile not limited in application, my improved heating system is more particuma already be installed therein.

ll leading feature of the present invention is the provision of means for insuring abso-- lute safety in operation, and in this respect is to be regarded as involving certain improvements in the safety device for combus- Patent No. 1,320,936 dated November l, 1919. One of the objects of thepresent invention isthe provisionof means for controlling the operation of an electric motor, which oper ates to. supply oil and air for the purpose of combustiomthrough the medium of a thermostat located in the room whose temperature is to be regulated, in such a Way as to avoid 5 arcing at the contacts of said room thermostat and also to avoid breakinga circuit-at the room thermostat. This object is efiected by utilizing the thermostat merely as the medium for, closing a circuit to one or the other of-the "magnets of a double magnet switch which switch constitutes the primary control for the motor circuit to make or break the same.

Another object'of the invention is the in- I .troduction of transformer into the electrical hating current is used, for the spark 'coil, satay device and, in fact, all of the electr1caliyiiijerated mechanismexcept the motor.

the location of a safety thermostat in the path of the projected air and fuel, and in proximity to the zone of, combustion, whereby the same will be promptly afl'ected by the heat of combustion and, in the event combustion should fail to occur,'or should accidentally cease after initiation, ,willremain cool, or be .cooled by the draft'of air supplied to pro-,

tem a safety evicewill be actuated by the I UNI-TED sT'A' 'rEs P T T LEWIS Il- BCOTT, 0] ST. LOUIS,.-M1SSOURI, ASSIGNOB, IBY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO ELEGTBOL INCORPQRATED, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF MISSOURI.

reissue filed January 15,

This invention relates to automatically con- I larly designed for use in dwelling houses and is adapted for application to furnaces which tion systems shown and described in my prior lsystcm to" reduce the voltage, when an alter-' nother object of the invention relates to mote combustion whereby, according to the principle of o eration ofgmy improved sys 'c'urrent' wh ch would normally energize the. inotor'to cut outtherni'btor and-prevent fore theinoperation of entire system until thel' cause ofnon-combustion hasbeeriremedi'ed." r

p Re. 11,405 OFFICE.

' o n-n'ennme HEATING sYsrmm.

Original No. 1,427,700, dated August 29, 1922, Serial No. 485,835, filed April 30, 1921'. -Applicat1cn for 1923. Serial No. 612,866.

further object of the invention relates to an improved safety device and the means for actuating the same under conditions of noncombustlon. i

A still further object of the invention re.-

lates to the rovision of an improved double r line and electrically associated through the double magnet switch with the spark plug cir cuit whereby the spark plug will be caused to function at a given pressure of fuel and will be automatically cut out at a predetermined higher pressure. i

A still further object of the invention relates to the provision of means for spreading flame in the combustion chamber of the furnace whereby the maximum amount of heat generated may be utilized.

I wish it understood that the above-enuin: oration of the objects of the invention isnot intended to'be exclusive and that other objects of-theinvention are concerned with the construction, combination and operation of parts, whereby the more general objects of the invention are attained, as will more clear 1y appear fromthe description of the inven-- tion to follow and from the appendedi'clainis inwhich thefeatures of my invention at est..-

clearly set forth.

4 In the accompanying drawing' Figure llis a view partly in elevation and partly in section illustrating more or less diagrammatically a preferred embodiment of the invention Referring now to thedrawi-ngs, the numeral Lindicatesa furnace of any preferred or usual construetion,'and which may be of the 1 ''type used for furnishing hot air, hot water or steam." Suchfurnace may, of course, be origfinally-constructed for use with my system;

trally of the interior of the furnace as shown in Figure 1. The chamber 3 is open at its upper end and for the purpose of distributing the flame which is projected upward from the chamber 3, I employ a flame distributor which preferably comprises two semi-conical members 4 hingedly connected along their straight sides as indicated at 5 and supported on the upper edge of the chamber 3 by legs 6. When positioned as shown in Figure 1, the flame.

distributor forms a shallow cone, the apex of which is located centrally over the opening of the chamber 3 and operates to cause the flames to'spread out and impinge against the side walls of the furnace instead of passing direct-- ly upward as would be thecase if thedistributor. were not provided. Preferably .I cover the upper side of the flame distributor with'some' refractory material such as fire 3-0 brick or the like, indicated by the numeral v"l' which when heated, as wellf understood, will act as a source of radiant heat and-thus tend to prevent in some measure the dissipation of the heat through the outlet flue of the furnace.

Mounted in the combustion flue 2 at a point somewhat remote from the furnace is a spark plug 8 and a thermostat 9. Mounted on the interior of the combustion flue 2 is a hood 10 which is conical in shape and has its open end preferably concentric with res ect to the walls of the flue 2. Located-central yofthe interior of the hood 10 near the open end thereof is a spray nozzle 11 which is mounted on a tubular member 12, which extends above and below a removable section 13 of the bottom wall of the hood and on its lower end is provided.

with a plug 14 fitting'snugly and opening in the bottom of the'flue 2 and a flange 15 which fits'a-ga'inst the lower flat side 'of boss 16' on the underside of the flue 2. The flange .15

is provided with a screw-threaded aperture communicating with the bore 17 of the tubular member 12- and into this aperture is.

screwed the end of apipe 18 leading from the source of fuelsupply as hereinafter described. As shown by Figure 3 the thermostat 9 is mounted at one end on a binding post 19 supported on a block 20 of insulating material andto which post is ,connected'on'e end-of a wire 21 in a circuit to'be hereinafter described. The wall of the flue 2 is provided with an opening 22, Figures. 3- and ,4, and the bent portion {ofsaid thermostat rojects throughsaidope'ning to a point slig tly beyond the edge of the open end of the hood 10,

mostat 9 projects upward through an open- 8 are substantially in the same plane as the 'nozzle 11. Connected with the pipe 18 beplained, the spark plug will cause the ignition I of the sprayed fuel before the armature-40i is and is located immediately in front of said raised to break the circuit to the spark plug.

hood. The free end portion 23 of the thering 24 in block 20 and is positioned opposite the end of a set screw-'f25 mounted 0.1 a bracket 26 which in turn is mounted on the block 20. To the set screw is connected one end of a wire 27. forming with the wire 21a part' of a circuit, to be hereinafter described. The thermostat as a whole is covered on the exterior of the flue 2 by means of a cap 28. The terminals 29 of the spark plug thermostat 9, and, therefore, arelocated di rectly in front of the hood 10, but theyproject further into the flue than does the thermostat so that their sparking terminals are substantially in the path of the spray pro'ected from the nozzle 11.1 The combustion fine 2 is secured at its outer end to the outlet opening of a blower 30, Figure 1, the fan of which;

is operated by a'motor31. The motor 31 operates through a shaft 32 to drive a pump 33- which operatesto draw oil through a pipe 34 from an oil reservoir 35 and to force it through the pipe 18previously referred to, to the spray yond the pump is a pressure gage 36 having a Bourdon tube 37 designed to be actuated through pressure of the fluid in the pipe 18,

the passage of the fluid' to said Bourdon tube being regulated by a needle-valve 38. The

end of said Bourdon tube is provided with 'a pin 39 which is adapted to engage the under side of an armature 40 pivotally mounted on the gage. The free end of this armature in its lower position engages a contact 41 and in its upper position a contact 42. The contact 41 is connected by a-wire 43 with oneend of the primary winding of a spark coil 44. The contact 42 is connected by the wire 27,

heretofore referred to, with the set screw 25% forming a contact member for the bar 23 o the thermostat 9 I in the combustion flue.

From one end of the secondary winding of the spark coil 44 a wire. 45 leads to the spark plug 8 and from the other end of saidwinding a wire 46' leads to the ground. Located in the fuel linepipe 18 between the needle valve 38 and the spray nozzle- 11' is a pop-valve 47 which in practice is set to open at ten pounds pressure. The urpose of this valve is to prevent oil rorn passing to the spray nozzle 11 until itis under sufficient pressure to cause it to be sprayed by the nozzle. The armature 40, normally rests on the contact 41 and the gage is regulated so that the 39 will lift'said armature when a pressure of five pounds is indicated thereon. Thebuilding up ofthispressure, however, is retarded by the needleyalve. 38 to occur just after ten pounds pressure is developed in the fuel line so'that, as hereinafter ex- I will now describe in order the double magnet switch, the safety device and the transformer and will then describe the various circuits in which these devices are located.

Referring particularly to- Figure 2, the numeral 48 indicates a switch board on which are mounted two electromagnets A, B, in op posed relation. Pivotally mountedat 49 below these magnets is anal-mature 50 which extends upwardly above the magnets in the space between the two cores 51' and 52 there'- of, respectively. Secured on the upper end of the armature 50 is a socket member 5.3, open at its outer end, in which is mounted a ball 54 supported on a plunger 55 normally-pressed upward by a spring 56. Pivotally mounted atone end at 57 above the magnet B isa contact member 58 having on its underside a contact'59 which normally rests upon the upper end of a set screw 60 forming part of a contact 61. The contact member 58 could assume this position by gravity but for the purpose of rapidity and security in operation, I pro-' vide a spring 62 for securing such movement h of the Contact member from an upper position. A wire 63 connects one end of the magnet B with the contact 6 1. -A wire 64 connects the contact 59 with a binding post 65. On the upper side of the contact member 58 I provide also a contact- 66 which is adapted,

to be moved into engagement with the'low'er end of a set screw 67 forming part of a contact 68 from which leads a wire 69 in a circuit to be later described. A wire 70 connects l the contact 66 with a binding post 71. Pivotally mounted at 72 above the magnet A.

is a contact member 73 which is provided on its under side witha contact 74 adapted to rest upon the upper end of a set screw 75 forming part of a contact ,76. A ,wire 77 connects the contact 74 with a binding post 78 and a wire 79 in a circuit to be hereinafter referred to, is connected with the contact 76. Secured on the upper side of the contact member 7 3 is an arm 80 carrying at its outer end a contact 81 which is adapted to engage the end of a set screw 82. forming part of a contact 83 at which contact is connected a wire 84 inn. circuit to be hereinafterreferred to. The'arm S0 is connected by a wire 85 to a binding post 86; -The wire 87 connects the binding post 86 with one end of the magnet A. Wires 88, 89 respectively, connect corresponding ends ofthe magnet A with a common binding post 90-. Lo .cated above the contact member 73'is' anadjustable stop 91 for limiting the upward,

movement of said contact member, the latter being adapted'to be pulled downward from such upward position by means of a spring 92. Between the free ends of the two contact members 58 and 73 and projecting outwardly a short distance from theswitch board 48 is a switch bar 93, the lower edge of which is rounded and located in the path of movement of the upper portion of the ball 54. This.

switch bar. co-operates with the armature 50 and ball 54 to insure a rapid upward move-- ment of the respective contact members 58 and 73 in the following manner:

Assuming the parts to be in the position shown in Figure 2 if the magnet A were energized the armature 50 would be attracted and swung toward the right. In this move-' sumes the movement to have just occurred and the. contact member 58 1s not shown 85 Y and never in a neutral position, Figure 2 asraised, so that the operation may be described with the circuit closed between the contacts 59 and 60. The operation of-the ball 54 under the influence, of the spring 56 insures a rapid and certain movement of the contact members 58 and 73 as stated, and said ball under the influence'of the spring 56 tends to prevent any rebound of said contact members, after contact has once been -.established by their upward movement, thus tending to prevent vibration of the contact members with consequent arcing in establishing a circuit. Further, the quick movement of the contactlmembers eflected i' ner. described also reduces to the minimum the arcing when the circuits are broken by the movement of the contact members as will be recognized by those skilled in the art.

the mam.

' Referring now to the safety device shown at the right of Figurel, the numeral 9a indicates a switch board on which are mounted two electro-magnets 95having a-common armature 96 pivotally mounted at 97 to swing into and out of engagement with the cores of the magnets. Near the lower end of the armature, on the outer side thereof there is.

located a lug 98adapted to be engaged by-the outer end a weight 102, whichilatter serves to maintain the lever in an over-balanced relationand the. hook 99in engagement with the lug. 98.

hooked end 99' of the lever IOO-pivotediat- 101 gon'thefswitch boardjand having at its 'Above thejsafety device is shown atrans- I former indicated generally by 103 .and having, as usual, ahigh voltage coil 104 and a low voltage coil 105.. Thelnumerals 106, 107 indicate, respectively, wires'leadin'g from the main sourceof alternating current supply. The wire 106 leads direct to the binding post 78f'and-is thus connected direct with the contact 74. branch wire108, connects this wire with the rimary winding 104' of the transformer. he wire 107 is connected to the armature 96. A wire 109 is connected at one end to the leverv 100 and-leads thence direct to one side of the motor 31, so that when the parts are in the normal position shown in igure 1, the circuit through'the wire 107(passes through the armature 96 and lever 100 direct tothe motor.

the wire 79 previously referred to, which leads from the contact 76 direct to the motor. A branch wire 110 connects the wire 109 with the primary winding of the transformer. For the purpose ofeasc in description, the terminals of the secondary winding 7 105 of the transformer. are indicated by the plus and minus signs. The wire 69 indicated in Figure 2 leads from the con ct 68 direct .to the plus side of the low voltage windformer the wire 112 leads direct .to the arm- 40 of the pressure ga e. As heretofore stated, a wire 43 leads rom the contact-41 to one end of the primary winding of the spark coil 44. From the other end of this winding the wire 113 leads to the binding post 71. W1th the arm 40 at rest on the I contact 41 the circuit to the spark plug will be closed whenever the armature 50 is drawn to the left to raisethe contact member 58,

the circuit beingfrom contact ii-through 1 The circuit to the magnets A and B is con wires 43 and 113, wire 70, contacts 66 and 67, wire 69 through the transformer and over wire 112 to arm 40. It'will be observed that the circuit to the-s ark coil is through the low voltage side o the transformer and hence, in practice, only current due to twelve volts passes through the spark I e01 In this position of-the parts, that,is,i'n the position shown in Figure 1, the circuit to the motor is also closed. This circuit is through wires 1'06 and 77, contacts 7 land 75, Wire 79 to the motor thence over wire'109, lever 100,

. rent.

practice, 110 volts.

armature 96 and wire 107 to the'source of cur Thls current is of high voltage,.or, in

Finally, in the positionbf'the shown in Figure 1, with the contact member58- raised, the circuit to the magnetB isb'roken by, the separation of the contacts, 59 and 60.

' trolled by a thermos-1wt 114 mounted at one end on a base or plaie115- and having astraightend-portion 116 movable between g The other 1 part of the motorcircuit is established by two contacts 117 and 118. From the contact 118 the wire 84:,previously referred to, leads to the contact device 83. From the contact 117 a wire 119 leads to the binding post and is thus connected over the wire 64 with the contact 59. A wire'120 leads from the thermostat 114;,to the minus side of the secondary winding of the transformer.

The thermostat 114 is located in a room, the temperature of which is to be regulated, and according as the temperature is above or below a predetermined degree, its free end 116 will move into engagement with one or the other of the contacts 117 and 118. In the position of the parts shown in Figure 1, the temperature of the room is supposed to have fallen below the said predetermined degree, or the desired room temperature and the thermostatic bar has moved into engagement with the contact 117. Before this occurs the armature '50 will occupy a position to the right of the switch bar 93 and the contact member 58 will be inthe position shown in Figure 2, that is, with the contact 59 resting on the contact 60; 'In'this position of the parts the circuit will be closed to the magnetB from contact 117 over wires 119 and 64, bqntacts 59, 60, wire 63, magnet B, wires 89'and 111, wire 69 through the low voltage "side of the trans- 1 former and oxer wire 120 to the-thermostat 114. The magnet B is thus-energized and drawsthe armature 50 to the left, or to the position shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the ball 54 engages the contact member 58' and quickly raisesthe same to break engagement between the contacts 59 and 60 and to bring the contact 66 into engagement withthe contact 67 which is the position of the parts shown in Figure 1. This, of course, breaks the circuit to the magnet B, which is only energized for the brief interval sufficient to move the armature 50 into engagement with its core, and sets the magnet A so that the current will pass therethrough whenever the thermostatic bar 116 moves into engagement with the contact 118. This circuit to th magnet A will be later described. As seen as'the armature 50 passes from under the con- I tact member 73, the latter is drawn down swiftly bythe spring .92 to bring the contact. 74 into engagement with the contact 75- to close lthe circuit to the motor, which circuit has been previously described, and to close the circuit to the spark plug, which circuit has also been'previouslv described. Combustion now occurs and almost immediately the heat of combustion affects the thermostat 9 and causes its bar 23' to move out. of engagement .to the magnets 95 ofthe safety device over the wire 21 for a reason to be presently'set forth.

with the contact 25thus' breaking the circuit Whenthe motor 31is placed in operation, the V pump 33forces the fuel through the pipe 18 andpr'ess'ure is builtup at the pop'va1ve 47 until, say, a pressure of ten pounds is reached,

'passto the spray nozzle 11' whence it is ignited by the/spark plug 8. This operation ,also causes pressure to be built up in the ressuregage 36 andwhen, say, a pressure o five pounds is reached, the end of the Bourdon tube 37 will act to raise the arm 40 from the. I contact 41 and thus break. the circuit'to the spark plug over the wire 43. The arm 40 will continue to rise, however, until it engages the contact 42 and establishes connection over the wire 27 with the contact 25. However, as the connection to'the magnets 95 over the wire-21 is broken by the movement of the thermostatic bar 23 out'of engagement with the contact 25 no current passes to the magnets 95. We will assume now that when the circuit to the motor was closed, as above described, for some rea- 7 inc' such result, and will now son, such as a short circuit in the spark plug circuit, combustion did not occur; in that event, unless preventive means were. provided the oil would continue to be sprayed from the nozzle 11 and collect in the chamber 3, and the fumes thereof fill the furnace 1, so'that if combustion should thereafter be produced, a dangerous explosion might -occur. I havedescribed the means for preventeration thereof Assuming combustion not to have occurred when the motor was energized, the cool air supplied bythe blower 30 will play upon 1 the thermostat 9 and cool the same so as to prevent it from moving out ofengagement engagement with said contact dueto the action of radiant heat from the furnace or from the heat generated in a previous er-iod of will close the connection from the thermostat over the wire 27 to the contact 42 the other side of the circuit being over the wire 21 through themagnets 95, wire 21,'the trans- 1 former, and wire 112 to the'arm 40. With the pump 33 inoperation', building up the pressure of the fuel, the arm 40 will continue to rise, as=stated,until it engages the contact 42 which, as will be seen, closes the circuit to the magnets95 which are immeydiately energized and attract the armature 96., This acts to move the'lug .98 from.en-' gagement' with the hooked end 99 of the'lever 100; the weighted end 102 whereof falls.

As the armature 96moves out of contact with the end 99. of lever 100,,the circuit to the motor will be broken overthe wire 107 and hence the operation of the system will beat once stopped; The motorcannotagam be placedin o eration .until the house-holder Y resets the sa ety device}: Should this be done without remedying-the cause of non-combustion, the magnets wouldatgain be instantly describe theopthe circuit to the safety device is closed'so that if the combustion system is operating properly, the safety device can never be brought into operation. The first of these contacts is that between the thermostatic bar 23 and the contact 25, which will normally be broken by the heat of combustion, so that when the second contact, that between arm 40 and contact 42, is established, which always occurs in operation,'the circ'uitto'the magnets 95 will not be closed.

We will now; assume that combustion has continued until the temperature of the room has risen above the required degree. This will cause the thermostatic bar 116 to move into engagement with the contact 118. This will operate to close the circuit to the magnet A over wire 84, contacts 82 and 81,'arm 80, wires 85 and 87 to magnet, and wires 88,111,

69, the transformer, and wire to. the

thermostat 114. The armature 50 will then be drawn to the right, the ball 54 en agin the underside of the contact member 3- an raising the same, thereby breaking the circuit to the motor over wire 7 9 by separating the contacts 7 4 and 75 and also simultaneously breaking the circuit to the magnet A by separating the contacts 81 and 82 through themovement ofthe arm 80. The' stoppage of the motor, of course, stops combustion and no ture cools sufliciently to move the thermofurther combustion occurs untilthe temperawith the contact 25, or, ifit should be out of.

static bar 116 into engagement with the contact 117. When the armature 50 moves to the right the contact member 58 is drawn downward to again bring the contact 59 into engagement with the contact 60, which operates to again set the magnet 13 so that the circuit thereto may be closed whenever the thermostatic bar 116 engages the contact 117. a I

From the above description of the construction and'operation, it will be seen that the room thermostat 114 handles only the low voltage-current offthe transformer, and that this thermostat operates solely to close the circuits to the double magnet switch which handles the high voltage motor circuit from the wires 106 and 107. Furtherit will be seen that I provide for a rapid action of the circuit controllers 58 and 73 whilesimultaneousl breaking the circuit to each magnet imme iately after it has been energize operatethe armature 50 and simultaneously with, or even slightlybefore said. armature engages its core so that vibration of'the arm] ature 50 is ren' ered'im ossible by reason of the enga ement of the all 54 with one side minimum. This latter result not only folor the ot er of,the switch bar 93 and arcing at the contactscstabli'shed :by thei'movement r A of the members 58 and73, is reduced to "the energized and the armature 96 attractedto' lows from the swift and p'ositive movements of the eontaet members 58 'and 73.7occasioned by the action of the spring 56 on meant-54 in breaking the contacts, but also t am-aha" fact that the pressure of said spring exerted.

"through the ball'54 on the ends of these re-- 'spective members prevents any tendencyv of the same to rebound.

' It will also be seen that the positioii'of'f the safety thermostat 9 in the combustion flue, relativeto the zone of flame projection and airadmission, is of great importance as, on the one hand, the heat of combustion perates the bar 23 almost instantly to prevent a possible closure of the' circuit to the magnets 95 of the safety device and,,on the other, should combustion not occur, the thermostat is sufiiciently remote from the zone of combustion of the furnace as to be only slightly affectedby radiant heat and the cold air from the fan readily effects saidthermostat to cause it to move into engagement with the contact 25.

Further, it will be seen that the system as a whole provides for the automatic control of combustion, which control is effected through the temperature of the roomand that all danger from explosion or fire, due to improper/operation, is eliminated.

Finally, it will be seen that in the operation of the magnet switch each magnet is deenergized by the movement of the armature attracted thereby and the circuit to the other magnet automatically set by the fall of the contact member released by the armature, so that the room thermostat acts only to make the circuit to the magnets and never to break the same, so that all arcing at the room thermostat is prevented.

While I have referred herein to the air supplied from the fan to the combustion tube as cooling the safety thermostat 9, it will be apparent that a cooling effect on the thermostat will also be produced by the,

' cold unignited spray of fuel; or, if a combustible mixture of air and oil were simultaneously discharged for ignition, that the play of said cool combustible mixture on the thermostat would likewise have the cooling effect referred, to. i As, in each instance, howover, air would be involved in he action, I-

' have referred to it as the cooling medium but such reference isnot in a limiting sense;

I claim V 1. ,In an oil burning heating system, means for projecting air and sprayed liquidfuel into a zone of ignition, means for lgnlting the fuel, a thermostat located in proximity to the zone of combustion and in the path of one of the combustion supporting elements, and means associated with said ther- 3 mostat .and'rendered o erative thereby upon projection of said fue "without ignition to render inoperative said fuel projecting means,

2. In anoil burning heating stem, means for pro ect ng air and spraye fuel into a zone of'i'gmtiom'means forigniting the fuel,

a thermostat located in proximity to the zone of combustion and in the path of the" pro.- jected air, and means associated with said thermostat and rendered operative thereby upon projectionof said fuel without ignitlOll to render inoperative said fuel projecting means. i

3. In an oil burning heating system, means for projecting air-and sprayed "liquid fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, a safety device operatively con- ;nected with said fuel projecting means, a pressure device actuated by said fuel projecting means, a thermostat located in proximity to the zone of combustionand in the path of one of the combustion supporting elemerits and associatedv with said safety devige and said pressure'device, whereby upon the projection of fuel without ignition thereof said thermostat and said pressure device will co-act to render operative said safety de vice to render inoperative the fuel rojecting means, and whereby-upon projection and ignition of the fuel said thermostat will render impossible the actuation of said safety device through the medium of said pressure device. y

A. In an oil burning heating'system, electrically-operated means for projecting air and sprayedliquid fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, asafety vice will be closed and the latter actuated to render ino erative said 'fuel projectin means,'and w ereby, upon projection and ignition of the fuel, said thermostat will be actuated to-break the connection from the safety device through the thermostat to said ressure device, so that the actuation of the atter cannot close the circuit to the safety device. i

5. In an oil burning heating system, electrically-operated' means for projecting air and sprayed liquid fuel into a zone of ignition, means. for i niting the fuel, an electrically-operated sa ety device operatively associated with saidfuel projecting means, a pressure deviceactuated by the fuel pro ecting means, a thermostaticmakeand-break device located-in proximity to thezone of combustion and in the path of one of the combustion supporting elements, a make-andbreak device actuated by said ressure device, and an electric circuit inclu ing said safety device, the thermostatic make and-break device and the vmake-and-break device. of said pressure device, whereby, upon projection of said fuel without ignition, the said thermostatic device will maintain a closed connection in the circuit to said safety device and upon actuation of the makeandbreak member of the pressure device the circuit to the safety device will be closed and the latter will be actuated to render inoperative the fuel projecting means, and whereby, upon projection and ignition of the fuel, said thermostatic member will break the'yconnection inthe circuit of the safety device and render closing of the circuit thereto by the make and-break member of said pressure device impossible, w 6. In an oil burning heating system, elec trically-operated means for projecting air and sprayed liquid fuel into a zone of ignition, electrical means for igniting the fuel,

a safety device electrically connected with said fuel projecting means, a pressure device actuated from the fuel projecting means, a-

make-and-break device actuated by said pres-. sure devicepan electric circuit including the ignitionmeans and normally closed by a movable member of said make-and-break de- 40l member of said make-and-break device, and

vice, an electric circuit including the safety device and a stationar member of said makeand-break device, an a thermostatic circuit,

controller located in proximity to the zone of combustion andin the path of one'- of the combustion sup orting elements and in the circuit of the sa ety device and the stationary under conditions of low temperature normally closing said circuit, whereby, in the operation of the system, the said movable member will be moved to break .the circuit to the ignition means and to close the'circuit through the safety device to the thermostat so that if'ignition has not occurred said i. safety devicewill be actuated to render inoperative said fuel projecting means.

7. In an oil burning heating system, electrically-operated means for-projecting air and sprayed fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, an electricallyoperated safety-device operatively associated I with said fuel projecting means and comprising an electro-inagnet and an armature, a

holder normally engaging said armature for retaining it out of contact with said ma net,

a pressure device actuated by the fuel pro ecting means, a thermostatic: make-and-break device located in proximity to the zone of combustion and in the ath of one'of the combreak device actuated bysaid pressure device,

ice, and an electric circuit includingtheuel projecting meansand said armature and holder, whereby, upon. projection of said, fuel without'ignition, the said thermostatic ,de-

vice will maintain a closed connection in the circuit to said magnet and upon actuation of the make-and-break member of the pressure device, the circuit to said magnet will be closed and the latter will be energized to attract the armature and move'it out ofengagement with said holder to break the circuit to the fuel projecting means, and whereby, upon projection and ignitionof the fuel, said thermostatic member will break the connection in the'circuit of,said'electro-magnet and render closing of the circuit thereto by the make-and-break member of said pressure device impossible. Inan oil burning heating system, in combination with a furnace, a conduit lead inginto'the furnace and having at its end within the furnace a combustion chamber open at its upper side, means forpromoting combustion in said chamber, and a flame spreader mounted on said'chainber.

9. In .an' oil burning heating system, in combination with a furnace, a combustion conduit leading'into the furnace and having at its end within the furnace a chamber open at its upper side, means for projecting air' and sprayed liquid ifuel into said conduit,-

flame spreader removably mountdon said I chamber. I u 11. In an oil burning system, electrically operated means for proj ectmg fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, a high voltage circuitincluding said fuel pro jecting means, a low voltage circuit, an electrica'lly controlled device in said low voltage circuit for making and breaking the circuit of said fuel projecting means, and a safety de- ,vice cooperating with said electrically controlled device which acts, in the case of failure of combustion, to'causethe electrically vcontrolled device .to stop the electrically operated means. 12. In anoil system, electrically operated means for'projecting fuel into a zone of said fuel projecting nians, a. safety device I coroperating with the electrically operated means directly responsive to and regulated by combustion conditions, said safety device operating, uponfailure of combustion, to stop the electrically operated means.

13. In an oil burning system, electrically operated means for projecting fuel into a zone .of ignitio1i,-meuns for igniting the fuel, a high voltage circuit'including said fuel projecting means, a low voltage circuit, a magnet switchin said low voltage circuit for making and breaking the circuit of said fuel projecting means, and a safety device cooperating with said magnet switch which acts, in the case of failure'of combustion, to cause the magnet switch to stop the electricall operated means.

14. n an oil burning system, electrically operated means for pro cct ng fuel into a zone of ignltion, means. for ,1gn1t1ng the fucl, a

high voltage circuit including said fuel pro- I jecting means, a low voltage circuit, a magnet switch in said low voltage circuit for making and breaking the circuit of said fuel rojecting means, a safety device co-operatmg with the electrically operated means directl responsive to and regulated by combust lon conditions, said safety device operating, upon failure of combustion, to stop the electrically operated means.

15;"In an oil burning system, electrically operated means for projecting fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, a high I voltage circuit including said fuel projecting means, a low voltage circuit, a magnet switch in said low voltage circuit for making and breaking the circuit of said fuel projecting means, and a safety device co-operating with said magnet-switch which acts, in the case of failure of combustion, to cause .the magnet switch to stop theelectrically operated means. 16. In an oil burning system, electrically operated means for projecting fuel into a zone l5 of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, a

high voltage circuit including said-fuel pro jectino' means, a low voltage circuit, a magnet switch in said low voltage circuit for making and breakins the circuit ofsaid fuel projecting means, a safety device co-operating I with the magnet switch directly responsive to -and regulated by combustionconditions, said safety device operating, upon failure of combustion, tostop the electrically operated means. I 17. In an oil burning system, electrically operated means for proj ecting fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, a high volta e circuit including said fuel'projecting means..a low voltage circuit, an electrically controlled device in said low voltage circuit for making and breaking the circuit of said fuel projecting means, safety meansco-oper- I ating with the electrically controlled device,

said safety means comprising ,a device adapted to be brought into action when the circuit-is closed to the electrically operated means, and a-co-operating device responsive. to combustion conditions, said devices operating, upon the failure of combustion, to

effect the breaking of the circuit. to. the electrically operated means.' I 18.111 an oil burning system, clectrlcally operated means for projecting fuel into a} zone ofignition, means for igniting the fuel, a high voltage'cireuit including said fuel projecting means, a low voltage circuit, an electrically controlled device in said low voltage circuit for making and breaking the cir-, cu it of said fuel rejecting means, a room thermostat operatlvely associated with said electrically controlled device, and a safety device co-oporating with said electricall eonof combustion, to cause the electrically controlleddevice to stop the electrically operated means.

19. In an oil burner for heating a heat-absorbin medium means for rd'ectin .B b

sprayed fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting-the fuel, a thermostat adapted to receive. a small amount of heat from'the flame of combustion, said heat being transmitted to said thermostat before the flame of combustion has passed over the heat-ab- I sorbing medium, and means assoclated with said thermostat and rendered operative thereby upon projection of said fuel without ignition to render inoperative said fuel pro- I jecting'means. I I I 20. In an oil burner for'heatin a heatabsorbing medium, means for projecting sprayed fuel into a zone of ignition, means forigniting the fuel, a

thermostat adapted toreceive a small amount of heat from the flame of combustion, said trolled device which acts, in the case of ail-aw electricall -operated of heat from the oil burner when the same is in operation, said thermostat being so located that when the oil burner stops, cool air from the room will be drawn over said thermostat, due to the natural draught of saidfurnace, and will cause said thermostat to quickly assume its position as when the burner is not in operation, means associated with said thermostat and rendered operative thereby upon projection, of said fuel without ignitlon to render inoperative said fuel projectmg means. I

22. In an oil burning system, means for.

projecting air and sprayed liquid fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel,

means responsive to combustion conditions located in proximity to the zone of combustion and adapted to receive radiant heat from the flame of combustion, said means responsive tocombustion conditions being arranged to render the fuel projecting means inoperative in the event said fuel is projected without ignition.

I 23(In an oil burning heating system, an electric motor adapted to project air and sprayed fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, means responsive to combustion conditions located in proximity to the zone of combustion and being acted on by radiant heat from the flame of combustion,

- said means being arran ed to render the electric motor inoperative 1n the event said fuel is projected without ignition.

24. In an oil burning system, means for projecting air and sprayed liquid fuel into v 'a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, a, thermostat responsive to combustion conditions located in proximity to the zone of combustion and adapted to receive radiant heat from the flame of combustion, said thermostat being arranged to render the fuel projecting means inoperative in the event said fuel is projected without ignition.

' 25. In an oil burning heating system, an electric motor adapted to project air and sprayed fuel into a zone of ignition, means for igniting the fuel, a thermostat responsive to combustion conditions located in proximity to the zone of combustion and being acted on by radiant heat from the flame of combustion, said thermostat being arranged to render the electric motor inoperative in the event said fuel is projected without ignition. In testimony whereofI have hereunto set my hand. 1

LEWIS L. SCOTT. 

